Prova uso del catalogo stellare
In questo documento ho inserito il mio catalogo stellare di ? stelle sopprimendo però la sua visualizzazione.
Ora faccio un esempio in cui, specificando l'ascensione retta e la declinazione prescelta, trovo quale stella è più vicina alla direzione desiderata.
Per verifica:
Provare AR = 100.7 e DC = -16.6 ( Sirio )
oppure AR = 343.72 e DC = -29.88 ( Fomalhaut )
oppure AR = 192.96 e DC= 56.23 ( Alioth ) vicina a AR = 200.47 e DC = 55.18 ( Mizar )...
Naturalmente questo è solo un ESEMPIO DIDATTICO... volto a mostrare come si fa ad estrarre dati da un grosso catalogo con la libertà, concessa però a chi fa documenti XHTML e non HTML, di inventarsi tipi di marche espressivi... Qui, volendo realizzare una pagina usabile sia come file XHTML che come file HTML ho dovuto usare nomi di marche predefiniti in HTML...Dato che ormai Internet è ragionevolmente veloce, è prudenziale raggruppare in un unico file tutti i dati che hanno importanza, in modo che, scrivendo una email, non ci sia il rischio che una parte dei dati vada perduta perché contenuta in altri file non spediti per errore o per contrattempi vari...
Le funzioni Javascript che uso qui...
Noto, sperimentalmente, che anche l'HTML ammette di usare attributi di nome arbitrario ossia non definiti a priori per una data marca predefinita. Ovvio che, per prudenza, sarà meglio usare il più possibile attributi già definiti...
Andromeda, AndromedaeAntlia, Antiliae
Apus, Apodis
Aquila, Aquilae
Aquarius, Aquarii
Ara, Arae
Aries, Arietis
Auriga, AurigaeBootes, Bootis
Caelum, CaeliCamelopardalis, Camelopardalis
Capricornus, CapricorniCarina, Carinae
Cassiopeia, Cassiopeiae
Centaurus, Centauri
Cepheus CepheiCetus, Ceti
Chamaeleon, Chamaeleontis
Circinus, CirciniCanis Major, Canis Majoris
Canis Minor, Canis Minoris
Cancer, CancriColumba, Columbae
Coma Berenices, Comae Berenices
Corona Australis, Coronae Australis
Corona Borealis, Coronae Borealis
Crater, CraterisCrux, Crucis
Corvus, CorviCanes Venatici, Canum Venaticorum
Cygnus, Cygni
Delphinus, Delphini
Dorado, DoradusDraco, Draconis
Equuleus, EquuleiEridanus, Eridani
Fornax, Fornacis
Gemini, GeminorumGrus, Gruis
Hercules, Herculis
Horologium, Horologii
Hydra, HydraeHydrus, Hydri
Indus, IndiLacerta, Lacertae
Leo, Leonis
Lepus, Leporis
Lynx, LyncisLyra, Lyrae
Mensa, MensaeMicroscopium, Microscopii
Monoceros, Monocerotis
Musca, MuscaeNorma, Normae
Octans, Octantis
Ophiuchus, OphiuchiOrion, Orionis
Pavo, Pavonis
Pegasus, PegasiPerseus, Persei
Phoenix, Phoenicis
Pictor, Pictoris
Piscis Austrinus, Piscis AustriniPisces, Piscium
Puppis, PuppisPyxis, Pixidis
Reticulum, Reticuli
Sculptor, SculptorisScorpius, Scorpii
Scutum, Scuti
Serpens, SerpentisSextans, Sextantis
Sagitta, Sagittae
Sagittarius, Sagittarii
Taurus, Tauri
Telescopium, Telescopii
Triangulum Australe, Trianguli Australis
Triangulum, TrianguliTucana, Tucanae
Ursa Major, Ursae Majoris
Ursa Minor, Ursae Minoris
Vela, Velorum
Virgo, VirginisVolans, Volantis
Vulpecula, Vulpeculae
I dati di ascensione retta (==ar) e declinazione (==dc) si riferiscono
al 1950 e, per la precessione degli equinozi, i dati cambiano di anno in anno.
Una stima abbastanza buona della correzione annuale si ottiene dalla
formula (che fornisce la correzione in secondi d'arco per anno):
Notare che qui si misurano gli angoli dell'ascensione retta in gradi e non in ore
come di solito si usa. Dunque l'ascensione retta va da 0 a 360 gradi e non da 0
a 24 ore. La declinazione si misura in gradi da 90 (polo nord) a -90 (polo sud).
La magnitudine limite di questo catalogo di circa 5100 stelle e' la 6.0.
I dati sono tratti dal catalogo SAO (Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
Star Catalog). Per attribuire i nomi alle stelle ho trasformato le coordinate
dal 1950 al 2000 con la formula di correzione approssimata e ho consultato lo
"Sky Catalogue 2000.0. Volume 1: Stars to Magnitude 8.0"
edito da Alan Hirshfeld e Roger W. Sinnott (1982) ISBN 0-933346-35-2.
Il dato 1950 è dedotto dal dato 2000 : ar=101.2875; dc=-16.71611;
Sirio era considerato dagli antichi egizi l'antisole. Esso culmina
a mezzanotte all'inizio dell'anno, nel periodo in cui il Sole e' basso
sull'orizzonte. L'ascensione retta della stella
che a mezzanotte del primo dell'anno passa a sud del luogo di osservazione
è dunque circa 100. Ogni mese l'ascensione retta aumenta di 30 gradi (ovvero di 2
ore ) e con questa semplice regola è possibile stimare il periodo dell'anno
in cui una data stella può essere osservata perché non offuscata dal Sole.
Il dato 1950 e' dedotto dal dato 2000 : ar=95.9875; dc=-52.69556;
Il dato 1950 e' dedotto dal dato 2000 : ar=247.35; dc=-26.43194;
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La polare. Si tratta di una doppia. La compagna è debole,
di magnitudine 8.8, e dista circa 19 secondi d'arco.
La polare è l'estremo del timone del piccolo carro che partendo
dall'alfa va in delta ed in epsilon per arrivare al quadrilatero
zeta ed eta le meno luminose e vicine al timone e
beta e gamma opposte. Beta è la più luminosa, a parte
la polare.
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La alfa dell'orsa maggiore ha A.R. di circa 11 ore e dunque
culmina alla mezzanotte ai primi di marzo (circa il 6 ) e con la beta serve
a trovare la polare e puo' anche servire come perno di un
orologio celeste che ha la polare come punta della lancetta.
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La beta dell' Orsa Maggiore, allineata con l'alfa, punta alla
stella polare. L'A.R. corrisponde circa alle ore 11 e
quindi questa stella culmina alla mezzanotte del 5 o 6 marzo ovvero
se si usa questa stella come perno dell'orologio che ha come
punta la polare, ai primi di settembre l'orologio segna la mezzanotte
e le ore come un orologio normale, tranne che la lancetta
fa un giro in 24 ore e non in 12. Se viceversa si usa la polare come perno
l'orologio celeste concorda con quello locale ai primi di marzo
ma si muove in senso antiorario. Chi guarda il polo nord ha
l'est alla sua destra e l'ovest alla sua sinistra ed ovviamente il sud
alle spalle.
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Notare che questa stella e' la stella centrale del timone dell'orsa
maggiore e la stellina Alcor orbita attorno a lei con periodo ultra millenario.
Questa stella e' anche una bella doppia ben visibile con un piccolo telescopio.
La separazione della coppia e' circa 14.3 secondi d'arco.
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Questa stella si trova molto vicino (apparentemente)
alla grande galassia di Andromeda, ossia M31
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Stella doppia
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Algol significa demonio. Ogni 69 ore diminuisce di luminosita'
e scende di una grandezza circa. Il fenomeno dell'eclissi dura
10 ore, cinque di decrescita e cinque di risalita. Deve avere impressionato
molto gli antichi perche' smentiva l'affermazione che il cielo delle
stelle fisse, a parte le comete, fosse immutabile
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Rappresenta l'ultima stella del timone dell'orsa maggiore. Da eta, zeta
ed epsilon si arriva alle quattro del quadrilatero ovvero delta e gamma vicino
al timone ed alfa e beta dal lato opposto. Da beta verso alfa si punta alla
polare. Con delta, epsilon, zeta ed eta si forma un arco curvo che scende
fino ad Arturo. Da delta verso alfa, per un tratto lungo si arriva a trovare
Capella, l'alfa dell'auriga.
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Anche questa stella è prossima alla grande galassia
di Andromeda M31. Ancora piu' vicina e' la nu che e' di quarta grandezza.
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Doppia abbastanza larga. La compagna sta a circa 19.6 secondi
d'arco
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Bella doppia. Separazione da gamma2 di circa 4.2 secondi
d'arco (vedi la stella gamma2)
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Bella doppia larga. Separazione di circa 34.4 secondi d'arco.
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Bella doppia con le due stelle di uguale splendore, separate di
circa 8 secondi d'arco
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Doppia alfa1 e alfa2 di mg circa 5.4. La separazione
è di circa 4.7 secondi d'arco
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Bella doppia con compagne quasi di uguale splendore. Separazione di circa
10 secondi d'arco
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Bella doppia. Le due compagne sono di quasi uguale splendore
e distano circa 5.5 secondi d'arco
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La stella piu' vicina, a parte il Sole. Dovrebbe stare a
circa 4 anni luce
ρ
ρ
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In pratica l'anti-polare
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ρ
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